Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has gained recognition for its role in managing weight, blood sugar, and even alcohol cravings. Both its injectable and oral forms have been widely studied, and a recent clinical trial highlights its potential to lower cardiovascular risks in people with type 2 diabetes and related conditions.
A study led by researchers at the UNC School of Medicine, including endocrinologist John Buse and cardiologist Matthew Cavender, examined the impact of oral semaglutide on cardiovascular health. Their findings suggest that this medication significantly reduces the likelihood of major cardiovascular events in individuals dealing with type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or chronic kidney disease. The results were published in the New England Journal of Medicine and presented at a major scientific conference.
Type 2 diabetes is a progressive condition that makes blood sugar management increasingly difficult. As the disease advances, individuals often develop complications such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, both of which elevate the risk of heart disease. Since heart attacks and strokes are among the most severe complications of diabetes, treatments that mitigate these risks are crucial.
GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide have proven effective in lowering blood sugar, but there has been limited evidence regarding their role in preventing major cardiovascular events. The Semaglutide Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (SOUL) sought to address this gap by enrolling 9,650 participants with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. These individuals were split into two groups: one receiving a placebo and the other taking a 14mg daily dose of oral semaglutide, alongside standard glucose-lowering and cardiovascular therapies.
The study found that oral semaglutide reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events by 14% compared to the placebo, with the most significant impact seen in preventing nonfatal heart attacks. The results were consistent with previous research on injectable semaglutide, suggesting that both forms of the drug offer similar cardiovascular benefits. However, further studies are necessary to determine if one method is superior in reducing heart-related complications.
The findings highlight the growing potential of semaglutide as a convenient and effective option for managing cardiovascular risks in people with diabetes. As research continues, oral semaglutide may become a key tool in preventing life-threatening complications and improving long-term health outcomes for those with type 2 diabetes.
